• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An apparatus for breeding aquatic organisms, wherein the apparatus in operation is located in water, comprising a watertight pipe (100) which allows a longitudinal flow of water through its interior, and means, e.g. electrically driven propellers, to drive the pipe (100) through the water in the longitudinal direction of the pipe. The louse can be attached over the pipe ends to prevent certain parasites from entering the pipe. The pipe (100) can be anchored in a mooring point (121) on the seabed with a mooring line (120) which allows the pipe to move in a circle about a vertical axis through the mooring point (121). Thereby, nutrients are distributed over a larger area and contribute positively to the environment instead of giving, for example, unwanted algae growth.
    公开号:DK201470607A1
    申请号:DK201470607
    申请日:2014-10-02
    公开日:2014-10-02
    发明作者:Lorentsen Kjell
    申请人:Lorentsen Kjell；Gigante Havbruk As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to an apparatus, a breeding plant and to a method of the invention. breeding of aquatic organisms.
    By "aquatic organisms" is meant such as fish, molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms that live in the water. Many of these need flowing water, for example for the supply of oxygen and feed, which the organisms filter out of the flow.
    A traditional cage for use in water is in principle a net bag suspended in a float collar. Water flows freely through the net bag, adds oxygen and removes waste. There are a number of problems associated with such cages, such as parasites entering the cage and feeding residues, nutrients, faeces, and medications. The problems increase if there is little space between the cages in an area, especially because the parasites have a relatively short distance between the cages and because a high concentration of nutrients can cause algae growth and subsequent oxygen-poor water in the area. Other problems are parasites that are resistant to drugs, genetic pollution and reputation problems. Some of the problems are due to the fact that many individuals of the same species are gathered in a small area, thus providing good conditions for the parasites. Medication increases the risk of resistant parasites.
    These problems arise from the rearing of salmon, cod, oysters, scallops and other commercially important aquatic organisms. Salmon farming in the sea is an area where there is a lot of experience and research results, and it is used as an example in the following,
    Salmon is one of the species that needs pre-flowing water in this case to improve the quality of the meat. A rule of thumb is a water flow equal to approx. one fish length per second, ie ca. 0.2 m per for smolt of 20 cm and 0.5 m per second. second before salmon of 50 cm.
    Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) is an example of a parasite that causes significant financial losses. Sea lice are crustaceans with a size of about 0.5 mm. In some areas, sea lice develop resistance to a variety of drugs, and in these areas they can only be removed with hydrogen peroxide. Treating tens of thousands of fish is time consuming and expensive,
    Pollution and egg growth are known issues in some areas. Escaped farmed salmon is an example of genetic contamination, in this case of wild salmon. Along with the increasing prevalence of salmon parasites, which in some cases are further resistant to drugs, escape is a major cause of pressure on wild salmon. These problems mean that the current salmon farming is not sustainable. Furthermore, the industry is perceived as being not environmentally friendly.
    It is known to solve some of the above problems with closed cages, ie. cages without free flow of water through the cage. A closed cage may have a tight enclosure in addition to or in place of an open net cage, or it may have rigid walls. In a closed cage, water flow is typically generated by pumping water into the cage. Fresh water can be collected from the depths where there are fewer or no parasites. Waste can be pumped out from the bottom of the cage and re-treated. Pumping water increases operating costs compared to open cages and is a major reason why open cages are still most commonly used for salmon farming. It is believed that similar problems have occurred or will occur when breeding other fish, shellfish etc.
    A number of alternative types of closed tanks are known in both onshore and offshore installations. Fish farming is also known in pipes where water flows longitudinally. It is known that an increasing number of cages have double protection, such as an additional mesh to prevent escape if a bag breaks.
    An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method by which at least one of the above problems is solved.
    This is achieved by an apparatus according to the independent claim 1, a fish-breeding egg according to claim 9 and a method according to claim 10. Further features and advantages appear from the dependent claims and the description below.
    The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the schematic drawing, in which: 1 shows the apparatus from above; FIG. 2a and b show alternative cross sections of the apparatus of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 shows a rearing egg using the apparatus.
    The figures are schematic drawings designed for ten! to illustrate important elements and principles. They are not necessarily in scale and various details have been omitted for the sake of clarity. As mentioned, salmon farming is an example and the term '' aquatic organisms '' in the claims also includes other species including shellfish, crustaceans and echinoderms. The device can be used in a fjord, a sow with fresh water etc.
    FIG. 1 is a plan view of an apparatus according to the invention. The main part of the apparatus is a tube 100. Large tubes are typically made up of sheets welded to sheave sections, which in turn are assembled into a finished tube, such as by welding or by flanges which are glued and / or screwed together. In a preferred embodiment, the tube is made of polyethylene, another plastic material or a composite material. The pipe walls are waterproof. Thus, a flow of water inside the pipe passes through the entire length of the pipe and does not penetrate the walls. Parasites cannot penetrate the tube through the watertight tube wall.
    At the top of the pipe there are a series of inspection panels 105 which are used for access to the interior of the pipe, for example for maintenance or to take out fish.
    FIG. 1 also shows a plurality of longitudinal stretching affixes 110 and an optional power supply unit 130 at the top of pipe 100. A mooring line 120 is connected to the stretching relief 110. The device may be moored at an anchor at one end of the mooring line to the right of FIG. 1, which is anchored to the seabed in a known manner. If the apparatus is placed in a stream of water, such as created by tides or winds, the tube 100 will align with the longitudinal axis in the dominant direction on the spot. Furthermore, if a stream of water presses to the left on the right end of the tube of FIG. 1, the strain relief 110 will press in the opposite direction, i. to the right at the left end of the tube. In other words, the tube 100 is compressed longitudinally by the strain relief 110 which transmits force to the rear end of the tube. This reduces the strain loads on joints, flanges or the like in the tube 100.
    In some embodiments, the ends of the tube 100 are closed with plates and / or nets so that the fish cannot escape. If the device is used for breeding, for example, oysters or scallops, other measures may be required.
    The apparatus preferably comprises means for providing a flow of water in the pipe, for example a relative movement between the pipe wall and the water inside the pipe 100. These means are illustrated in FIG. 2 with a power supply unit 130 driving propellers 132. In a typical closed cage, a flow is provided by flow pumps as mentioned. In the present invention, the cage 100 is instead driven forward in the water by the propellers 132. Thus, the same relative flow rate between the water and the pipe inner wall is obtained with substantially less power than if the water were to be driven at the same speed through a stationary pipe.
    The power supply unit 130 preferably contains batteries for powering the propellers 132 via electric motors. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the device 130 includes, for example, an internal combustion engine connected to the propellers 132 through a transmission or through a generator, increased electric motors.
    The tube 100 may also have position stabilizers (not shown). Their purpose is to prevent a cylindrical or nearly square tube from rotating about a horizontal axis of rotation, for example to ensure that the power supply unit 130 is constantly positioned above the water surface. The position stabilizers may be provided in any known manner, such as at weights at or below the bottom of tube 100 or pontoons outriggers. When choosing a solution, the energy required to drive the structure through the water must be taken into account. Moreover, it is left to the skilled person to choose a suitable solution.
    The tube 100 is horizontal and partially submerged in the water with a peak extending, for example, 2.1 m above the water surface 200 during normal operation as shown in FIG. 2, The upper part is air-filled and is mainly used by the fish to regulate the pressure in the swim bladder. Salmon can also, to some extent, become free of parasites by jumping open in space across the water surface inside the tube. This has limited effect and it is important that the concentration of parasites, such as sea lice, is not too high.
    In a preferred embodiment, the tube is raised and lowered into the water. For example, it may be advantageous for the pipe to lie deeper in strong sea and strong wind. The buoyancy is controlled in a known way with vertical and / or ballast tanks, for example the whole apparatus is given a slightly positive buoyancy regulated by pumping water into or out of the ballast tanks. This is well known to the person skilled in the art and is not described further herein.
    The tube 100 preferably has circumferential grooves. These stiffen the pipe so that it is not deformed or destroyed when on land, for example in connection with installation, cleaning or maintenance. It is generally known that the combination of rigid rafters and flexible walls produces greater stresses in the flexible material than if both rafters and walls move essentially equally under the same influence. The shavings are therefore preferably made of the same material as the walls of the pipe.
    A plurality of longitudinal strain reliefs 110 take up the tension in the tube 100 so that the tensile strength requirements of the tube walls and joints are reduced. For this, the strain reliefs 100 are spaced along the circumference of the tube. FIG. 2a and b show two strain reliefs 110 extending across the end of the tube 100. Other embodiments, such as strain reliefs embedded in the walls of the tube, are possible. The strain reliefs 110 may be wire or new ion rope, or they may be constructed as fins or ribs in the longitudinal direction. Selection of number of strain relievers 110 and their construction is left to those skilled in the art.
    It is known that the concentration of sea lice decreases rapidly with increasing water depth and can be neglected for practical purposes 10-15 m below sea level. Thus, it will be sufficient to block sea lice from the upper 10-15 m. In some embodiments, therefore, the ends of the tube 100 are completely or partially closed by the lice. These are nets that cut off lice and other larger parasites and therefore have substantially less mesh width than the aforementioned nets to hold the fish inside the tube.
    In some embodiments, the ends are partially closed by plates which prevent flow of water into the upper portion of the pipe. The plates may be shaped into a bow, drop or the like to reduce the water resistance to the end of the tube 100 as much as possible. When the ends of the tube 100 are partially closed by plates, special care must be taken to ensure sufficient water flow into the volume in which the aquatic organisms, such as swimming salmon, are located.
    In some embodiments, the tube 100 has a sorting mesh which covers the inner cross section of the tube and is axially slidable in the tube. The sorting net has a mesh size that is small enough for the larger fish to be pushed in front of the net to a pumping area, for example under the hatch 105 to the right in FIG. 1 where they can be retrieved. The sorting net also has a sufficiently large mesh size for fish to pass through the meshes to a minimum size. Thus, small fish pass through the meshes of the sorting net and can be fed further into the tube 100 before being retrieved.
    It is known that iys affect the growth, well-being and sexual maturation of key species, such as salmon and cod. A closed tube closes in only slightly. Therefore, it may be desirable to provide the tube 100 with artificial light inside. Suitable light fixtures with different light sources for use in aquaculture are commercially available, and it is up to the skilled person to choose a type of fixture suitable for the volume and species contained in the tube.
    When the flow passes through a waterproof pipe, it is relatively easy to monitor the outlet at the rear of the pipe. For example, the feed supply can be regulated by monitoring the amount of uneaten feed at the outlet.
    FIG. 3 shows a fish farming with an apparatus indicated by the pipe 100 which is moored at a mooring point 121 on the seabed with a mooring line 120. The mooring line 120 is long enough to allow the pipe to move in circles around a vertical axis through the mooring point 121 seam illustrated by a dotted circle in FIG. 3. Bends, anchors and other known objects on or at the vessel line 120 and the mooring point 121 are outside the scope of this invention and are not part of FIG. Third
    For example, a salmon apparatus could have a tube about 100 m in length, 20 m in diameter and the circle of FIG. 3 may have a radius of about 500 m. In salmon farming, it is appropriate for the fish to have access to air inside the tube as described above. In this case, therefore, tube 100 is at or near the water surface.
    A similar arrangement for shellfish farming can have neutral buoyancy and is moved completely submerged around the vertical axis through the mooring point 121 in daily operation. When the shellfish is to be harvested, the device in this case can be given positive buoyancy, so that the inspection hatches 105 (Fig. 1) are easily accessible from the surface.
    The fish farming system shown in FIG. 1-3 can withstand higher wind, current and wave loads than conventional plants. This is partly because the pipe 100 is completely or partially submerged, where the influence of the waves is relatively small. Furthermore, the tube 100 is closed at the top so that parasites and impurities do not penetrate should a wave flush over. The long mooring line 120 also records wave movements without major problems. If the power supply 130 fails, for example when a battery is discharged, the tube 100 aligns with the main flow on site, the seam described above. This will lead to increased pollution for a shorter period until normal operation resumes, and is likely to cause little or no damage to the organisms inside the tube.
    In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for breeding aquatic organisms. The method includes anchoring a device as described above in an anchor 121 on the seabed with a mooring line 120 which allows the tube 100 to move in a circle on the surface around the mooring point 121 and to drive the apparatus longitudinally by propulsion means 130, 132 in a circular motion about the anchor point 121. FIG. 3 also illustrates the method.
    With this method, waste from the pipe 100 spreads out over a relatively large area. Low-concentration nutrients are believed to be useful to the environment, thereby achieving a positive effect in contrast to the concentrated loads from conventional plants. The process also reduces waste and consequently improves the economy of farmed fish.
    The apparatus preferably has a so-called double guard, such as an additional mesh practicing both ends of the pipe to protect the escape mat. The tube 100 may also be provided with additional oxygen supply, emergency oxygen, so that oxygen from a bottle battery may be supplied through the outlet at the bottom of the tube in case the flow of pure oxygen-rich water stops for some reason. If propulsion, emergency oxygen and natural flow cease simultaneously, the apparatus may be towed after a work boat to ensure water flow through the pipe 100.
    The steps shown in the drawing above are embodiments only. The invention is defined in the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. Apparatus for ten! breeding of aquatic organisms, which apparatus in use is placed in water, characterized by a pipe (100) with watertight walls, ends which allow a longitudinal flow of water through the pipe, increase means (130, 1332) to drive the pipe (100) through the water in the longitudinal direction of the pipe.
    [2]
    The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising position stabilizers for preventing the tube (100) from rotating about a horizontal longitudinal axis in the water.
    [3]
    Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising means for controlling the buoyancy.
    [4]
    Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube (100) comprises sheaves arranged in the circumferential direction.
    [5]
    Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube (100) further comprises axial strain reliefs (110) distributed over the circumference of the tube (100).
    [6]
    Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a loop network fully or partially covering the ends of the tube (100).
    [7]
    Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a sorting network which covers the inner cross section of the pipe and is arranged axially displaceable in the pipe (100).
    [8]
    Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube (100) comprises internal light.
    [9]
    A fish farming egg with an apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tube (100) is anchored at an anchorage point (121) on the seabed with a mooring line (120), nails allow the tube (100) to move in a circle about a vertical axis through the anchorage point (121).
    [10]
    A method of producing aquatic organisms comprising: anchoring an apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9 in a mooring point (121) on an ocean floor with a line (120) allowing the pipe (100) to move in a circling about a vertical axis through the mooring point (121), and driving the apparatus in its longitudinal direction by means of propulsion means (130, 132) in a circular motion about the vertical axis through the mooring point (121). Awapatent A / S
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NO335309B1|2014-11-10|
    DK178450B1|2016-03-07|
    WO2014123424A1|2014-08-14|
    NO20130221A1|2014-08-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2443200B1|1978-12-06|1986-01-10|Muller Feuga Arnaud|FLEXIBLE PRESSURIZED AND UNDERWATER SPEAKER FOR FISH FISHING IN THE SEA|
    GB8814040D0|1988-06-14|1988-07-20|Wild Catch Ltd|Fish framing|
    AUPR888501A0|2001-11-15|2001-12-06|Total Aqua Management Systems Pty Ltd|A raceway for cultivating fish|
    NO315633B1|2002-02-14|2003-10-06|Brimer As|Fish farming device|
    DE102010032673B4|2010-03-13|2015-01-08|Siegfried Beck|System, technology, function and method of mobile and submersible fish cages for the open sea|NO20160297A1|2015-10-09|2017-01-09|Pure Atlantic As|Offshore Fish Farming Unit|
    US10945417B2|2018-07-24|2021-03-16|Running Tide Technologies, Inc.|Systems and methods for the cultivation of aquatic animals|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NO20130221|2013-02-08|
    NO20130221A|NO335309B1|2013-02-08|2013-02-08|Device for aquatic organisms|
    PCT/NO2014/000015|WO2014123424A1|2013-02-08|2014-02-05|Moveable tubular sea pen|
    NO2014000015|2014-02-05|
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